If you’ve ever walked along West 114th Street between Riverside Drive and Broadway in Morningside Heights, you might have noticed an enormous boulder nestled between a block of row houses. This massive rock, known as Rat Rock, has an intriguing story that combines geology, history, and urban practicality.
An Ancient Relic
Rat Rock measures 30 feet high and 100 feet long, composed of Manhattan schist, the second-oldest bedrock in New York City. This schist was formed around 450 million years ago and is part of the city’s deep geological history. Fault lines pushed Manhattan schist to the surface, creating visible formations found in places like Central Park and Marcus Garvey Park. Rat Rock is one of these enduring natural landmarks.
A Rock That Refused to Move
In 1896, developers constructing row houses in this part of the city encountered the massive boulder. Removing it proved too costly, so they decided to build around it instead. Back then, with ample land available for development, this decision was practical and unremarkable. Today, however, the boulder’s presence makes it a distinctive feature in a densely populated urban environment.
Columbia University
The land housing Rat Rock is now owned by Columbia University. Despite the high value of the lot and its development potential, the university has chosen to leave the rock in place. Removing it would cost hundreds of thousands of dollars, making its preservation a more feasible option.
Why “Rat Rock”?
Locals have dubbed the boulder “Rat Rock” due to the rats that nest and gather on its surface. Despite its unflattering nickname, Rat Rock has earned recognition for its unique character. In 2000, The New York Times listed it as one of New York City’s most amazing natural wonders, a reminder of the city’s ancient geological roots.
So, the next time you’re in the neighborhood, make sure to visit Rat Rock, whether you’re a geology enthusiast or simply curious, this hidden gem in Morningside Heights is worth a visit.